Population structure and divergence using microsatellite and gene locus markers in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations
نویسندگان
چکیده
Using different classes of genetic markers can provide insight into the role of selection, as well as a broader context for identifying population differentiation. We used nine microsatellite loci and polymorphisms at eight gene loci (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II, growth hormones 1 and 2, transferrin, and immunoglobin heavy-chain) to determine population structure in six coastal populations (Vancouver Island, VI) and five interior populations (Fraser River, FR) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in British Columbia, Canada. FST and GST ′ values for specific VI gene loci were significantly higher than those for the FR and VI microsatellite loci or the FR gene loci. Pairwise microsatellite FST values were correlated with geographic distance across regions, but not using the gene locus marker data. Neighbor-joining cluster analyses showed one VI population as particularly divergent based on the gene locus data, while the VI and FR microsatellite locus and the FR gene locus analyses yielded no anomalous population divergence. The VI MHC class II marker FST values were exceptionally high, indicative of probable directional selection acting on MHC class II. Our results are consistent with local adaptation in Chinook salmon, but the nature of the local adaptation likely differs among regions. Résumé : L’utilisation de différentes classes de marqueurs génétiques ouvre des perspectives sur le rôle de la sélection et fournit un contexte élargi pour l’identification de la différenciation des populations. Nous avons étudié neuf locus microsatellites ainsi que le polymorphisme à huit locus géniques (complexe majeur des histocompatibilité (MHC) classes I et II, hormones de croissance 1 et 2, transferrine et chaîne lourde de l’immunoglobine) afin de déterminer la structure génétique de six populations côtières (île de Vancouver, VI) et de cinq populations de l’intérieur (fleuve Fraser, FR) de saumons quinnat (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) en Colombie-Britannique, Canada. Les valeurs de FST et de GST ′ des locus géniques spécifiques VI sont significativement plus élevées que celles des microsatellites FR et VI et des locus géniques FR. Les valeurs paire par paire de FST des microsatellites sont en corrélation avec la distance géographique d’une région à une autre, mais ce n’est pas le cas des données des marqueurs des locus géniques. Des analyses de groupement avec fusion des groupes voisins montrent qu’une population VI est particulièrement divergente d’après ses données de locus géniques, alors que les analyses des microsatellites VI et FR et des locus géniques FR n’indiquent aucune divergence exceptionnelle de population. Les valeurs FST des marqueurs MHC de classe II de VI sont particulièrement élevées, ce qui indique qu’il y a probablement une sélection directionnelle qui agit sur les MHC de classe II. Nos résultats sont compatibles avec une adaptation locale chez le saumon quinnat, mais la nature de cette adaptation locale varie vraisemblablement d’une région à l’autre. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Heath et al. 1383
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